Understanding The Legal Systems Of The World Law Essay

Understanding The Legal Systems Of The World Law Essay I genuinely accept that our advanced society needs Law. Laws are rules that set out fitting conduct, so we are required to adhere to this arrangement of rules, so as to keep everything adjusted and settled. Without the satisfaction of these ideal errands, man just will get equivalent to creatures or more regrettable despite everything, permit their darker sides to develop and control their lives. Lawful Systems of the World For this reason each nation has a specific framework that the all residents are required to comply: cutting-edge there are around 200 nations on the planet and every one of them makes its own Legal System that depends on specific attributes and factors of the nation. The Legal System comprises of specific laws and decides that shape the residents profound quality and conduct in the general public. There are numerous scholarly terms portraying what legitimate framework is however from my perspective the best one is the depiction by J.H Merryman: The three most far reaching Legal Systems are: Continental Law Legal System, Common Law Legal System and Religious Law Legal System. Every one of these legitimate frameworks is one of a kind and has its own particular highlights and individual structure. Lets investigate every framework and perceive how frameworks contrast from one another or find their likenesses. Precedent-based Law Legal System History, sources and structure The precedent-based law framework wins in Britain and its previous settlements, including Australia, Canada, and the United States. Customarily, the custom-based law framework, as the name suggests, was administered not by a code, however by court-made law that grew gradually after some time. It is not the same as the common law framework, which is presented for the most part in Europe and in regions colonized by France and Spain. The assortment of decisional law dependent on custom as announced by English adjudicators after the Norman Conquest of 1066. The custom-based law precept of following point of reference, known as gaze decisis stays a significant part of both the English and American lawful frameworks today. English precedent-based law depended essentially on custom, convention, and point of reference as opposed to a formal composed legitimate code. Over hundreds of years of experience, the customary law turned into the significant impact on the improvement of American criminal law both when the American Revolution. After the Revolution, the custom-based law kept on being the fundamental law of most states. In any case, today practically all precedent-based law standards and rules have been established by authoritative bodies into resolutions with present day varieties. ). One of the fascinating qualities of the framework is that the precedent-based law framework permits judges to look to different wa rds or to draw upon past or present legal experience for analogies to help in settling on a choice. This adaptability permits precedent-based law to manage changes that lead to unforeseen contentions. Common Law Legal System History, sources and structure what's more, created in Continental Europe and around the globe. It is isolated into two branches: the arranged Roman law and uncodified Roman law. The Differences and Similarities between the Legal Systems Custom-based law and common law lawful frameworks share comparative social targets: independence, progressivism and individual rights. A significant distinction between the common law and precedent-based law is that need in common law is given to regulation over statute, while the inverse is valid in the customary law: it finds in judge-made point of reference the base of its law. The common law teachings work is to draw from cases the standards and the standards which will explain and cleanse the subject of sullied components, and hence give both the training and the courts with a guide for the arrangement of specific cases later on. The precedent-based law creator centers around certainty designs. The person in question examines cases introducing comparable yet not indistinguishable realities, separating from the particular standards, and afterward, through finding, decides the regularly limited extent of each standard, and now and again proposes new guidelines to cover realities that have not yet introduced themselves. Custom-based law statute sets out another particular standard to another particular arrangement of realities and gives the chief wellspring of law, while common law applies general standards, and that law is just an optional wellspring of law of clarification. Common law decisions are written in a more formalistic style than precedent-based l aw decisions. Common law choices are undoubtedly shorter than precedent-based law choices, and are isolated into two sections the reasons and the request. This is on the grounds that common law judges are particularly prepared in unique schools made for the reason, while custom-based law judges are designated from among rehearsing attorneys, without uncommon preparing. The technique for composing decisions is additionally unique. Customary law decisions broadly uncover the realities, look at or recognize them from the realities of past cases, and choose the particular legitimate standard applicable to the current realities. Criminal Law and Civil Law Fundamental Information There are two parts of law: Criminal Law and Civil Law. That implies that when an individual violates any law, the person might be decided by what part of law it is. Criminal Law those laws for changing open wrongs that harm society when all is said in done and Civil Law those laws for reviewing private wrongs to individuals. Civil law endeavors to right an off-base, settle a question, or respect an understanding. The casualty is being repaid by the individual who is to blame, this turns into a lawful option to, or socialized type of, vengeance. Criminal law comprises of two fundamental branches meaningful criminal law and procedural criminal law. Considerable criminal law disallows certain types of direct by characterizing what acts comprise wrongdoings and building up the boundaries of punishments. Procedural criminal law controls the requirement of the considerable criminal law, the assurance of blame, and the discipline of those saw as blameworthy of violations. Criminal Procedure and Civil Procedure Criminal Procedure. The part of the criminal law that manages the procedures by which violations are explored, indicted, and rebuffed. In this manner, procedural criminal law is the procedure followed by police and the courts in the worry and discipline of hoodlums from the documenting of a grumbling by an individual from general society or the capture of a suspect by the police, up to the time the litigant is sent to prison, or, whenever sentenced, to jail. Common case that manages private questions between parties is dependent upon the principles of common suit, now and again alluded to as common technique. Criminal cases, manages acts that are offenses against society all in all, for example, murder and burglary, as subject to the standards for criminal law, and is otherwise called the principles of criminal system.

Drug Related Problems Free Essays

Medication related issue Drug related issues (DRPs) are predominant and causing extensive patient grimness and mortality. A large number of these DRPs are preventable through after the rules and reasonable medication utilized. There are numerous variables controlling the DRP event, for example, persistent age, ailment status, sedate attributes, and so on. We will compose a custom exposition test on Medication Related Problems or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now High hazard factors 1. Old (gt; 65 years); because old enough related changes in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics 2. Intense ailments, for example, intense renal disappointment, sepsis, etc†¦ 3. Patients with numerous ceaseless maladies; diabetes, hypertension, coronary illness, liver issue, AIDS, etc†¦ 4. Patients with renal disability or haemodialysis 5. Patients in uncommon circumstances; pregnancy, lactation, 6. Certain illnesses and their prescriptions: malignant growth, diabetes, cardiovascular breakdown. 7. Polypharmacy (consumed numerous medications gt; 5 medications) 8. Medication; certain medication classes are generally included e. g. Warfarin, insulin, digoxin, TCAs, etc†¦ Classification of medication related issues 1. Improper medication decision: Unjustified deviation from the board rules accord restorative can intensify the condition. Deviations that depend on the patient’s singular treatment objective and hazard factors are not viewed as DRPs (e. g. Anti-toxin utilized for viral contamination. Furosemide recommended for persistent with hypokalemia). 2. Absence of important medication: Either at least one medications are absent as per built up rules or a clinical issue is being treated with excessively little of the proper medication (under-endorsed) or fitting medications might be not utilized for most extreme adequacy. Additionally, span of treatment might be too short which can prompt inadequate treatment. Deviations from rules that depend on the patient’s singular treatment objectives and hazard factors are not viewed as DRPs (e. g. B-blockers in cardiovascular breakdown or post-MI, stop diuretic before edema treated or circle diuretic utilized uniquely for safe edema). 3. Pointless medication and Duplication: A medication is superfluous if the sign is not, at this point present, with continuation/delayed use or twofold remedy of at least two medications from a similar restorative gathering or gives a similar outcome. This increases their remedial impact and reactions. Duplication additionally can happen when more than one doctor recommends meds to a solitary patient or when a patient assumes control over-the-counter medications with a similar dynamic fixing (e. g. Long haul anti-toxin endorsed for basic contamination. Utilized of Ibuprofen and diclofenac associatively. 4. Fragmented drug history taking: Inappropriate incorporation of patient’s clinical history can prompt numerous cooperations because of absence of patient’s data, for example, excessive touchiness â€Å"medication allergy†, different ailments, OTC or natural and prescription utilized (e. g. Persistent has hypersensitivity to penicillin). 5. Unseemly portion or routine: Dosing excessively high (overdose) or too low portion. Problematic dosing (counting dosing time and plan) as indicated by built up national/universal rules, including recurrence of dosing or span of treatment. Deviations that depend on the patient’s singular treatment objective and hazard factors are not viewed as DRPs (e. g. too high ACE inhibitor portion endorsed corresponding to kidney work. Too low paracetamol portion use comparable to indication giving joint pain). . Unfriendly medication response (ADR): Any harmful, unintended, and undesired impact of a medication, which happens at dosages in people for prophylaxis, conclusion, or treatment (e. g. orthostatic hypotension occurs with circulatory strain bringing down medication or narrow mindedness dry hack because of ACE inhibitor). 7. Cooperation: Drugâ€drug connection, tranquilize food association, sedate malady communication, medicate na tural, etc†¦ A collaboration is happening when the impact of a medication is changed by the nearness of another medication, food, drink, home grown or some ecological substance specialist. Medication blends with proposed in general impact are not viewed as DRP (e. g. Drugâ€drug connection; Furosemide and digitalis (expanded impact/poisonousness of digitalis with hypokalemia). Medication food association; Amiodarone and Grapefruit, Grapefruit and Simvastatin (increment tranquilize serum focuses), or Tetracycline and calcium. Medication malady association; utilized NSAIDs in interminable renal weakness). 8. Suspension of required drug: Some occasions end of medicine without sensible clinical sign can prompt restorative disappointment or an issue in treatment plan. Also, stop a few drugs before controlling the ailment or have great checking technique can prompt disappointment in treatment plan (e. g. cease anti-toxin before completing its restorative course or stop Heparin infusion previously or just on beginning of Warfarin). 9. Contraindication: the utilized of certain medications are disallowed for certain patients in light of the fact that to unsafe dangers of utilizing these medications are surpassing the advantages of their impact (e. g. Pro inhibitor utilizes in treating hypertension in a pregnant woman or utilizing sulfa-medicate in G6PD lack patients). 10. Sudden stoppage medicine: for specific meds, unexpected halting can fuel the issue or lead to complexities identified with medicate. The halting procedure ought to be slowly (e. g. unexpectedly halting B-blocker in MI patients or halting Corticosteroid out of nowhere). 11. Untreated ailments: can prompt intensifying of the ailment or may prompt increasingly difficult issues (e. g. untreated dyslipidemia in patients with other hazard factors). 12. Absence of fundamental observing: Monitoring as for impacts and poisonousness of medications isn't done or doesn't cling to rules (e. . INR for Warfarin. Thyroid capacity tests in patients taking levothyroxine 13. Others: as a rule, DRPs that don't have a place with previously mentioned classifications. References 1. Bemt P and Egberts A (2007) Drug-related issues: definitions and grouping. Diary of European Association of clinic Pharmacists (EAHP), 13, pp 62-64. 1. Lee S, Schwemm A, Reist J, Cantrell M, Andreski M, Doucette W, Chrischilles E and Farris K (2009) Pharmacists’ and drug store students’ capacity to recognize sedate related issues utilizing TIMER (instrument to improve meds in the old through survey). American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 73, 3, pp 52-62 2. PCNE Classification for medicate related issues (2006) Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Foundation. Accessible from World Wide Web: http://www. pcne. organization/dokumenter/DRP/PCNE %20classification%20V5. 01. pdf 2. Ruscin M (2009) Drug-Related Problems in the Elderly. Merck, Available from World Wide Web: http://www. merck. com/mmpe/sec23/ch341/ch341e. html 3. Ruths S, Viktil KK, Blix HS. Grouping of medication related issues. Tidsskr Nor Leageforen 2007; 127: 3073â€6 Prescription Auditing Sheet Patients Name Age: years Drug related issue: |Inappropriate sedate decision |Lack of fundamental medication | |Unnecessary medication and Duplication |Incomplete medicine history taking | |5. Improper portion or routine |6. Unfavorable medication response | |7. Cooperation |8. Cessation of required drug | |9. Contraindication |10. Unexpected stoppage prescription | |11. Untreated ailment |12. Absence of important observing | |13. 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The Psychology of Love How to Love and Be Loved

The Psychology of Love How to Love and Be Loved You might not realize it yet, but you are surrounded by love. When you wake up in the morning, the first things that you’ll probably see are the eyes and smiles of your family as they say their morning greetings.You step out of your house to head to work and your dog comes up to you, tail wagging, to see you off. While driving to the office, you turn on the music and what do you hear? Ditties about love.While stopped by a traffic light, you look out the window and see a middle-aged couple sharing breakfast in the coffee shop across the street. You turn to look at the car next to you and see a mother gently wiping a speck of dust from her daughter’s face.Suddenly, the giant billboard on the façade of a building catches your eye and you smile as you read the inspiring love quote flashing on it. When the light turned green, you continue driving, smiling and feeling light and wonderful. © Shutterstock.com | Mikhail_KaylSo much manifestations of love everywhere, and that was just in a small fraction of your day.THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LOVELove is everywhere. Unfortunately, not everyone recognizes this fact, and that is mostly because they do not fully comprehend what love is. Love, for some people, is that emotion shared between two individuals, involving a deep connection and intimacy. When they hear the word, they immediately think “romance”. They also equate it with the affection that one feels for a family member or blood relative, or a friend that they care about.Ask someone to define what love is, and you’ll probably end up just staring at each other â€" with you waiting expectantly as he freezes, trying to come up with a coherent reply. In the end, he might just claim that it is something that cannot be truly defined. Why, even the most brilliant minds seem to have trouble assigning a proper and accurate definition for it!But psychologists today would beg to differ. Love, after all, has connections with one’s behavior and attitude, and since it is, at its core, an emotion, it can be studied subjectively and analyzed systematically. That is what is called the psychology of love.If we are to come up with a definition for love, we’d have to settle for one that utilizes a broad view, describing it as a set or variety of feelings, attitudes, behaviors and states that represent an individual’s pleasure over something, or his affection for other human beings and creatures. Therefore, one can declare their love for their parents or romantic partners just as easily as they can openly claim how they love Starbucks coffee or the new pair of shoes that they saw on a storefront on the way to work.We often hear Love being described as one of the most profound and even mysterious emotions, and that is largely because of how broad or large an area it encompasses. Researchers’ attempts to have an easier time understanding love came up with sever al theories, and we will take a look at two of them.The Color Wheel Theory of LoveJohn Allan Lee, a Canadian psychologist, came up with the Color Wheel Theory of Love, which he first talked about in his 1973 book “Colours of Love: An Exploration of the Ways of Loving”. This is where he introduced six major types of love, divided into two categories: primary and secondary.Primary types of love1. Eros, or “love of beauty”This is the romantic, sensual and passionate type of love (eros is, after all, the Greek term for “erotic” and “passionate”), characterized by a physical desire for an idealized other, or the lover. In the eyes of the individual experiencing this type of love, no one is more beautiful than his or her lover. Lee distinguishes erotic lovers for their penchant of gaining delight and enjoyment in the tactile. They love to touch and feel, which is why their type of love is closely associated with sex which, in eros speak, is the “ultimate aesthetic experi ence”. Clearly, hormones play a big role in how this type of love plays out.The natural progression of eros starts from the first meeting, which brought about the much hyped or talked about concept of “love at first sight”. Upon meeting, two people will feel drawn to each other, and this is called “chemistry”. Their connection may be traced to a strong physical attraction, such as when one finds the other handsome or beautiful, or an intense emotional attraction, such as when they find themselves liking the same things and having common interests. This will be the basis of their relationship and, from there, the lovers will find themselves picturing starting to build a future together.Sex and sexual fulfillment factor largely in eros, and their emotions can be easily surmised in their physiological reactions. At the sight, proximity, and even the mere thought of their lovers, they experience acceleration in their heartbeat and pulse rate, a sudden attack of the nerves and butterflies in their stomach, warmth creeping up their bodies, speechlessness and a general lack of coherent thought when in the company of the object of their affection.Traits and Quirks of Erotic LoversErotic lovers are able to feel, create and nurture both a strong emotional and physical connection. These two always go together, meaning a person cannot feel physical attraction for another without feeling something deeper for them and, in contrast, he won’t be able to feel anything deep or meaningful for that person unless he is physically drawn to her. If he experiences only one of the two, then that is another type of love (which we will get to later).Erotic lovers are inclined to seek exclusivity in the relationship. There is an ingrained desire for an erotic lover to make the other emotionally and sexually secure in the relationship, so he is most likely to commit to keeping his “intimate and sexual self” exclusively to his lover. Naturally, he will expect the same from his lover.Erotic love happens spontaneously. Generally, this type of love blossoms between two complete strangers who, at their first meeting, will experience immediate excitement and anticipation, spurred by a powerful and almost urgent attraction.Erotic lovers want things to move quickly. From the first moment they met, they knew they are in love, so why wait? These two people are likely to start having sexual relations early in their relationship, even just shortly after their meeting.Erotic loversare the quintessential “hopeless romantics”, putting their partners on a pedestal, thinking that they can do no wrong, and treating them like fragile glass. They are the ones you will hear using pet names for each other unabashedly, such as “Sweetie”, “Honey”, “Cookie” and “Babycakes”.Erotic lovers are those who are ready for love, in spite of the risks and uncertainties that come with it. They get a sense of strength and fearlessness in the knowledge that they will be with their lover to face and handle these risks.Advantages of Erotic LoveThe main advantage of eros is in its sentimentality, or how it is rooted on deep feelings and emotions such as tenderness, affection and protectiveness, among others.Eros provides satisfaction for both parties â€" both emotionally and physically (or sexually). They will both be able to freely give in to their urges and engage in activities that will give them mutual pleasure and satisfaction.Eros can prove to be a great motivator, inspiring an individual to do better â€" to become better â€" in order to satisfy his lover and keep her happy.On a physiological level, eros allows the person feeling it to be relaxed and relieved, as he lets his emotions and hormones freely take control.Disadvantages of Erotic LoveEros can be so passionate, it will eventually become a consuming emotion for the lovers. Preoccupation with their lover and their relationship has a tendency to block out all else, so other aspects of t heir lives will be neglected. For example, a man now spends all his time with his lover that his family members complain about never being able to see him anymore. His supervisors also notice how his performance has significantly dropped because he was always the first to get off work without finishing his tasks, because he is always in a rush to meet his partner.Eros requires nurturing, which also demands a lot of effort from both lovers. Keeping the love going strong will need a lot of work and contribution from both parties. They have to sustain their interest in each other and keep the flames burning, so to speak. And this pertains to both the physical and emotional aspect of the relationship.Erosmay blur the line between fantasy and reality too much. This often leads to disillusionment on the part of the lovers, so they are unknowingly setting themselves up for huge disappointments, if something goes wrong in their relationship.Watch this great talk on the psychology of love. A wesome! 2. LudosShort-lived relationships often fall under this category, and is often experienced by competitive individuals who like to have fun. For ludic lovers, love is a game, and their measure of victory is the number of partners they will have. They adopt an “in-the-moment” attitude, not caring about the future of the relationship. In fact, more often than not, they do not really expect the relationship to go further, or anywhere beyond the here and now.Ludic lovers do not consider love as something to be taken seriously. Love is a game to be played, sex is the sport, and their partners are toys to play with. In their multiple relationships, they want to be the superior one, or the one in control. They are not above cheating, lying, or deceiving, since they see these actions as necessary “moves” in the “game”.The word “commitment” does not exist in their vocabulary and, for them, marriage is nothing but a trap that will tie them down and curtail their fun-lov ing ways.Traits and Quirks of Ludic LoversLudic lovers are predisposed to having multiple partners â€" often at the same time â€" that display a wide range of taste in partners. There is no specific type of partner that he is drawn to, because “anyone willing” will do. In other words, it’s quantity over quality.Ludic lovers have the ability to delay satisfaction of their sexual desire for their partners, if only to fan the flames and whet their appetites. For them, the waiting game is part of the fun, and prolonging the wait can mean more satisfaction when they finally engage in sex.The ludic lover loves whoever is in close proximity at that moment. One moment he claims to love one partner; the moment that partner is out of sight, he will turn to the one nearest to him and direct his love for that new partner.Ludic lovers become anxious and run at the first sign of their partner becoming too intimate and serious with them. At the first indication that the partner is starting t o expect something more, something long term, they will cut off all ties.Advantages of Ludic LoveLudic lovers are known to be masters in sexual techniques, well-versed and practiced in the art of making (physical) love to a partner, or more than one partner at once.Ludic lovers have impressive recovery abilities. They are not the type to sustain any lingering damage from a break-up, because they have most likely developed immunity to it, having probably gone through multiple breakups in the past.Admittedly, ludic lovers have a lot of fun and derive a lot of satisfaction from these short-lived and mostly physical-based relationships. They have simple goals, which means they are also easily satisfied.Disadvantages of Ludic LoveEven when they claim to be looking for a stable relationship, ludic lovers are still presumed to be highly capable of infidelity, or the inability to be loyal to only one partner at one time, given their promiscuous behavior. They will have the “once a player, always a player” stigma attached to them.Ludic lovers have, at best, shallow feelings for their partners, and this becomes second nature to them, so that they are unable to feel any deep emotions or connections with a partner. This does not make them reliable prospects for marriage, or any long-term relationship.Ludic lovers have a strong inclination to develop addiction to sex which, if left unchecked, can lead to bigger problems in other aspects of their lives, such as their social circles and professional endeavors.3. StorgeWhen we talk of familial love (the love for, between and among family), fraternal love, and love between best friends and companions, we are referring to storge. It puts a high value on one’s loyalties, duties and responsibilities toward others â€" mainly their partners and family members.This is the peaceful and uncomplicated kind of love â€" no passionate heat involved, no tumultuous storm of feelings, no angst, and certainly no rollercoaster rides of e motions. It is safe and comforting, and gradual in how it grows and develops. This love grows out of friendship, or even extended periods of togetherness, as one would see between siblings who have lived together since birth.You may see this happen between two people who first meet in an uneventful manner. There is no love at first sight to speak of. They strike up a friendship, which then slowly deepens into something deeper and more serious, and becomes the kind of love that will bind them in matrimony.Sex is also a factor, but not as pervasive as in eros. In fact, sex does not figure into the whole picture in the beginning, since it will only develop later in the relationship, when their feelings have become deeper. The only time sex will factor in the equation is when the cards are laid out on the table, and they have declared commitment to each other.Traits and Quirks of a Storge LoverFamily ties are important, so the storge lover pursues this type of love with marriage, family and kids in mind for the future. This also makes him a bit on the possessive side, but only to a reasonable extent, as he is not given to fits of jealousy.A storge lover looks at his partner or significant other as a best friend first, and then starts to see her potential to be a lifelong partner, with whom he can build a family and a home with.A person that experiences storge rarely, if ever, holds grudges. He is the type to still be friends with someone even after they have broken up or ended their relationship.Advantages of Storge LoveStorge love is safe, and not likely to damage or hurt anyone, unlike ludic love, where one party is playing with the other, often without the latter’s knowledge. It is not meant to cause hurt to anyone, and even has a strong foundation: friendship. Even if the intimacy is over, the friendship will still remain.A storge lover is not likely to commit infidelity or become unfaithful to his partner, because he does not want to “rock the boat”, or do anything to harm the safe sanctuary that they have built together.Disadvantages of Storge LoveThe absence or lack of passion in storge often gives the impression that it is not deep enough to stand the test of time. Since sex ranks low on this love’s scale of importance, it may often be seen as a bland and unimpressive kind of love.The lack of passion or heat may also lead to boredom by one, or both, of the partners. Their refusal to destroy the trust of their partners will then force them to simply go through the motions of everyday home life, not really looking forward to anything special happening.Secondary types of love4. ManiaThis combines the characteristics of eros and ludos, and results in a love that can only be described as “obsessive”. Ever heard of the phrase “mad love”? That could very well be mania, which means “madness” in Latin.Unfortunately, mania has the extremes of both eros and ludos. That means anyone experiencing it is in for quite a rollercoa ster ride of positive and negative emotions. He could be euphoric in extreme happiness one minute, then utterly depressed the next, only to swing up to a simmering rage in the next moment.For the manic lover, jealousy is a proof of his love. He thinks that, by expressing extreme jealousy, he is proving his love for his partner and, if his partner displays jealous fits over him, then that is a sure sign that he is loved.The quest for validation and reassurance is almost a constant thing, to the extent that they are bound to experience long bouts of anxiety, uncertainty and despair. Even sexual intimacy does not bring them the assurance and satisfaction that they expect, because they will feel more uncertain after the act. It is easy for them to go from extremely happy to extremely dissatisfied or fearful, and this practically keeps them from being happy in their partners and in their relationships.Traits and Quirks of a Manic LoverThe manic lover usually has a low self-esteem, and se es the attentions of someone else as validation of his worth or existence. This results in a very strong and almost consuming need to be loved by his partner.The manic lover can be very possessive, and is the type to let extreme jealousy take control, driving rational thoughts and actions away. Therefore, he is often seen as moody, bipolar, unpredictable and insecure.The manic lover has a strong tendency to be clingy and very demanding, even resorting to shadowing and stalking their partners, and force them into showing emotions and reciprocating their feelings. They justify their actions by saying that they love that person.The manic lover almost expects to be hurt or feel pain, and this fatalistic attitude holds them back from enjoying intimacy with their partner.Advantages of Manic LoveManic love involves a show of dedication, devotion and commitment that some people may feed off of. For example, a person who has always spent his life alone, without being needed by anyone, may ap preciate being on the receiving end of a manic type of love.The intensity of manic love can be quite impressive in how single-minded it can be.Disadvantages of Manic LoveWhen manic love turns into obsession, it could set up a poisonous environment for the couple, one tinged with distrust and suspicions. Fights and arguments are bound to ensue, which does not make for a harmonious living environment, both for the partners and the people around them.Manic lovers have the tendency to become codependent and addicted on the object of their affection, with their life choices revolving around their partners.Manic lovers can be easily taken advantage of by Ludic lovers, who will readily show appreciation for them as long as they fall in line with the rules of their game.5. PragmaThere are people who prefer to be practical and realistic in their approach to all things in life, including love. Thus, they experience love that combines the features of ludos and storge. Their approach is ludic, in that they treat the process of looking for partners as a business-like search. They cast their nets wide, catch as many partners as they can, and select from among them the person that they can have a future with. That is where the storge part comes in.Pragmatic lovers use logic in how they look for a life-long partner. They do not rely on their physical responses and hormones â€" as eros lovers do â€" and they do not have the patience to establish friendships first â€" as pure storge lovers do â€" before pursuing a deeper and meaningful relationship. Their systematic approach also makes them far from being manic.The pragmatic lover has a specific picture in mind of what his lover should be like, and that will be his basis in going forward with his search for that person. Usually, he will be strict, sticking to those standards, and readily rejecting those that do not quite match up. You will find him looking closely into the other person’s background, including her education, f amily history, religion, affiliations, hobbies and other interests.Sexual desire and interest is usually aroused only when they meet the ideal man or woman, or the person that meets his standards. This means that sexual attraction does not rank high on his list of priorities. Even if he does not feel any attraction for that person, if his standards are met, then they can work on the sexual side of things later on.More than romance, convenience is the focus of pragmatic love. They have expectations of their partners and of their relationship, and they want these expectations to be met. Their goals have to be common or complementary in order for him to consider her as a potential lifelong partner. It’s a quid pro quo relationship, a symbiotic union where both will benefit from the relationship.Traits and Quirks of Pragmatic LoversThe pragmatic lover can be quite cold when rejecting partners that do not meet the criteria or standards that they have previously set. This makes them col d-hearted and ruthless, and they usually won’t feel bad about being viewed as such.Usually, the pragmatic lover will base his “ideal” type on someone he already knows. This may lead him to look for a potential partner among his circles, or from those who he is already familiar with.The pragmatic lover will ask “what is in it for me if I get in a relationship with this person?” This indicates that he is forward-looking and will always look for value in his relationship and partner choices.Advantages of Pragmatic LoveSince this is grounded on practicality and reality, a relationship based on pragmatic love has higher chances of lasting for a long time. This is because emotions do not play a huge part in how it is developed and nurtured.When done right, it can result to a fruitful and productive relationship. A quintessential example of a pragmatic relationship is a political marriage, where a politician marries a spouse with the right background and credentials to boost his public image, while the spouse will reap the benefits of becoming a politician’s â€" and future official’s â€" significant other.Disadvantages of Pragmatic LoveJust like in business, a relationship founded on pragmatic love may turn sour when the business partners are no longer pulling their weight, so to speak. If, somewhere along the way, their goals have become differentiated, or the other partner has become a burden to the other and is no longer contributing to the partnership, the relationship may go down the drain.There is a chance of the pragmatic lover becoming manic. Having a predetermined or preconceived notion of Mr. Right or Ms. Right has the tendency to render the pragmatic lover inflexible, so that when he finds someone that he feels drawn to, but who meets only about 90% of his criteria, he’d be inclined to force that person to fit the remaining 10% mold.6. AgapeThis type of love, which is based on selflessness, is said to be a mix of eros and storge.When we tal k of unconditional love, or the love that is altruistic and does not demand or expect anything in return, that is agape love. This is considered to be love in its purest form, with the lover being selfless and willing to make sacrifices for the one that he loves. This is the reason why it is also often equated with the religious or traditional type of love.Saints and martyrs are known and beloved for their selfless and giving nature â€" their agape love â€" so it does not come as a surprise to hear selfless people being called “martyrs” when it comes to love, because they are willing to do anything and everything for the other person.Agape love is chaste and patient, and does not demand for any form of reciprocation. It sounds too good to be true, and John Robert Lee’s survey did not turn up anyone who qualifies as an agape lover, leading him to the conclusion that this type of love is the ideal and, therefore, not all that realistic.Lee added that agape love is easier to feel for all humanity in general than for an individual. This is almost like saying that it is impossible for a person to feel unconditional love for a certain someone.Traits and Quirks of an Agape LoverThe agape lover is selfless, without regard to his pain as long as the person he loves is in excellent hands. He is also very giving, even at his own expense.The agape lover is compassionate and kind, emulating an almost saintly devotion that most people would be impressed with but will still probably scoff at, and not take seriously.There is no jealousy, possessiveness or obsession in how the agape lover treats his partner. He is more than happy to just be beside her or behind her, whenever and wherever he needs her.Advantages of Agape LoveThe purity of agape love means that it has no preconceived standards, and so there won’t be any judgment at all. The “I don’t care who you are, where you’re from” mentality will apply.Agape love can inspire the lover to seek for self-improve ment. If he lacks in the sex department, he will show ready willingness to learn. If he lacks in other areas, he will not hesitate to seek improvement.Disadvantage of Agape LoveThe agape lover may be opening himself up to being taken advantage of by other lovers, especially the ludic and manic lovers. They keep on giving, while their partner will keep on taking and taking, and not giving anything in return because, hey, it’s not expected of them anyway.Unrequited love or unreciprocated affections tend to become exhausting, painful and even toxic after a while, and the agape lover may just be torturing himself knowing that he will never have his affections answered. This will make for a very lonely existence, indeed.The risk is very high that the agape lover will be nothing more than a carer in the eyes of the recipient of his affections.Here is an interesting summary of our main feelings. Love being one of them. STERNBERG’S DUPLEX THEORY OF LOVENow let us take another psychologi cal look at love, this time from the point of view of Robert J. Sternberg, Professor of Human Development at Cornell University. He came up with the Duplex Theory of Love, called as such because it is comprised of two theories, which were used to be treated separately â€" the Triangular Theory of Love and the Theory of Love as a Story.1. Triangular Theory of LoveAccording this theory, love has three aspects manifested by three components that react and interact with each other.Intimacy, which refers to the caring, closeness, connectedness and emotional support within a loving relationship.Passion, or the states of physiological and emotional arousal that lead to romance and sexual consummation and satisfaction, and other related phenomena.Commitment or Decision, where these two are differentiated by the outlook. Commitment takes the long-term view, referring to the commitment to maintain the love in a relationship. Decision, on the other hand, is short-term oriented, since it involv es the conscious choice and recognition of loving someone.The interaction of these three components can come in various combinations, with one or two aspect being more pervasive than the others, and vice versa. The varied combinations of the components result in eight kinds of love:Non-love â€" This type of love is low on all three components: there is very little intimacy, the amount of passion is very minimal, and there is neither a decision to love someone nor a commitment to sustain it. It is what one would see between two casual acquaintances, such as lab partners at school, professional co-workers, and business partners.Liking â€" In this type of love, there is only one component at play, and that is intimacy. Both revel in their closeness and connectedness, and they greatly count on each other for emotional support. An example is the relationship between people involved in group therapy or counseling. They share their pains and experiences, but that is all there is.Infatuatio n love â€" Passion is the only component at work here. This is something commonly seen in purely physical or sexual relationships, where there no emotions involved and, therefore, no strings attached.Empty love â€" This involves commitment and nothing else. The partners are resigned to staying together even when they are not inclined to care for each other or get close enough to provide emotional support, and they don’t even feel any physical attraction toward each other. This is often seen in marriages entered into for purely business reasons.Romantic love â€" This is high on both intimacy and passion. Physical attraction is present, and their emotions are also involved. However, it does not necessarily mean they will readily admit and decide that they are in love, and that they will keep that love going.Companionate love â€" This is when both are emotionally involved with each other, and they are keen on keeping their love going for the long term. Best friends have this kind of love, especially when they openly express to make their friendship last forever.Fatuous love â€" The love they feel is mostly based on how they connect on a physical and sexual level, and they use that to commit to staying together in a relationship they can see lasting for a long time.Consummate love â€" This is the type of love that has all three ingredients, regardless of the ratio or proportion. 2. Theory of Love as a StoryAsk around, and you will find that people’s perceptions and notions of the definition of love is shaped mostly by the stories that they see, hear, read about, or witness firsthand. Humans are naturally observant, and they easily draw conclusions from those observations, so they take all the things that they learn about love in all the stories they are exposed to, and they start to mentally draw a picture of what love is.Thus, when they start to look for love for themselves, or seek partners, they use that picture they drew in their head as a basis or standar d. For example, a young woman grew up in a loving family, with parents that do not hesitate to express their affection for each other. She was raised reading fairy tales, with stories of princesses living happily ever after with their respective princes. As an adult, she also witnessed her older siblings making great matches in their marriages and watched as they started their own families.All these painted in her mind the image of love being associated with shared laughter and loving smiles, warm hugs and soft caresses, and bright airy homes with white picket fences. It’s pleasant, it’s safe, and it’s tranquil. This is her notion of love.Compare that to a teenage girl who grew up reading young adult books featuring fantastical creatures such as vampires and werewolves fighting over a human girl, or handsome fallen angels coming to earth to save a damsel in distress. In her mind, love is when a mysterious and incredibly great-looking man appears in front of her and sweeps her off her feet.Culture, media, and experiences shape how we come to define and understand love. Often, we make our own stories, which gives us carte blanche to come up with our own definitions of what love is, or what it should be.HOW TO LOVE AND BE LOVED IN RETURNFrom John Robert Lee’s detailed study of love and its six types, he came to the conclusion that the most mutually satisfying love affair or relationship can be achieved between two people, or partners, who follow the same definition of love and share the same style of loving. It would seem that he is not an advocate of the “opposites attract” theory, since the disparity in two people’s styles of loving is likely to drive a wedge between them and drive them apart, or it may not even give love a chance to bloom.Sternberg’s take on the entire concept of love focuses on the three components, implying that, to experience consummate or complete love, all three must be present. Knowing those three components and being abl e to identify them in the realities of your relationships will help you identify what kind of love it is.The million dollar question is: How will all this knowledge help us, personally, in loving others, and having them love us back? Here are some points for consideration:Establish your awareness and set your criteria.This is the first step in most life-changing decisions: you have to know who you are.Are you someone that is easy to love? What do you have that will attract other people? What about you will grab their interest and draw them to you? On the other hand, what are you looking for in a person you will love? What do you expect from loving these people? What future do you envision? And what kind of love are you capable of? Incidentally, what types of love have you experienced and applied in the past?These are only a few of the questions you need to ask yourself.Psychologists also suggest lovemapping, or creating a mental checklist â€" called the “lovemap” â€" containing the criteria or standards that must be met by another person before you can decide whether to love them or not. This is basically your mental image of what you want in a potential relationship. In an example of a Personal Lovemap by relationship expert Rachel A. Sussman, the factors considered were biological, cultural, social and psychological. But your lovemap can be something that is purposefully designed with a potential love interest in mind.And it does not have to be set in stone, either. Your lovemap should be a checklist that contain the basics, which means they are the minimum requirement that must be met in order for that person to be considered for your loving. It could be anything from “He should have finished college and have a good, stable job” to “he must love cats and dogs” and “he must not mind having a talkative partner”.Establish your presence, but respect their space.You cannot possibly show your love when you are not present, can you? That person has to know that you exist, and that you plan on being a constant presence around him. You want to show him that you plan on sticking around, and he can count on you being there for him.Along with this, however, is you demonstrating that you still respect his personal space. There are distances that are not meant to be crossed, even between two people already in a relationship, unless they agreed to do away with those lines. Show that you are still capable of respecting their personal space even while you are sticking close.Let them know you love them.This is often a problem among couples and those in loving relationships, even when they have been in these relationships for a long time. They do not let the other know how they feel. Often, they assume that, since they are already in a relationship, loving each other is already a foregone conclusion.Guess what? Some people still need reassurance. Some people still appreciate being told that they are loved. And some people actually deserv e to be told that they are loved. Repeatedly.As much as we would want our partners to be mind-readers, it is most likely that they are not. No matter how secure you both are in your relationship and love for each other, it is still encouraged to let them know about it. Maybe not in so many words, but in actions â€" whether big or small. A soft touch, a warm smile, a short note, and even a single bloom plucked from the garden can speak volumes.Make the person you love one of your priorities.Maybe you can even make him or her your top priority. If you can’t, you should at least make sure he is up there on your list of priorities.One way of expressing your love is to show how important they are to you. That they are a huge consideration in your major and minor decisions. That you cannot make a decision without taking into account how it will affect them. This is also an indication of your level of commitment to that person.Now, how can you make them love you back? This may require so me mind manipulation on your part.Do your research about the person that you want to love you… and understand him.Having your lovemap or checklist of criteria is not enough. According to relationship coach John Alex Clark, getting the basic information about the background and interests of that person will enable you to meet their criteria.First of all, doing your research demonstrates your level of interest in that person, and that alone may get them to look at you with mirrored interest. You’re taking the initiative to get to know them in your own way, and this can be seen as a gutsy move by some.Those 36 questions can increase your chances of making somebody fall in love with you according to some scientific experiments. Show them that you are offering something that they need.All the research you did earlier will come in handy. Take a look at a typical high school scenario, where the cheerleading team approaches the new girl in school, befriends her and recruits her to join them after a random ground performance enabled her to show off her dancing skills. That is because they saw in the new girl something that their team needs: new blood and new talent. You can apply the same principle here.You have to identify what the other person needs, and find a way to meet that need. For example, a young woman harbored feelings for this guy since they attended the same classes the previous year. He’s smart, he’s friendly, but he also happens to easily get shy around people, especially those he isn’t close to. It’s clear he has problems with his confidence when he’s out of his comfort zone. The young woman grabs his attention by showing how confident she is, and he finds himself drawn to her, a spark of interest kindled.This is because people tend to become drawn to people who are similar to them, but still provide a good contrast, such as when their weakness is the other’s strength. It is a natural reaction to be attracted to something that they don†™t have and WANT to have. In the example above, the young man wants to be confident, and the young lady oozes it. This makes her, in his eyes, someone worth more than a second and third look.Perform some brainwashing, but be subtle about it.You want the object of your affection to think of you positively and look at you favorably, until his looks become loving and amorous. The bad news is that the process will involve some work. The good news is that it works. Here are several ways you may go about this.Enlist the help of your friends and mutual acquaintances, and have them put in a good word for you. It is highly likely that the object of your affection will start thinking you are awesome after hearing people he likes and trusts talk about it.Repetition is a good form of reinforcement. The other person is likely to get used to and accept you if you make it a point to remind him of your existence and presence repeatedly â€" without going overboard and becoming invasive and stalker-i sh about it. Let him see you often. Also, make sure your mutual friends talk about you to him repeatedly. This repetition will further embed you in his mind… and hopefully his heart.Show persistence and determination.Love and relationships require those involved to put in time and energy, and you have to be willing to put in both if you want to achieve your goal. Behavioral science professor Elizabeth Kane said that putting more effort into a romantic relationship will ensure that one receives more love in return.If you are the type to give up easily, then you probably never deserved to be loved in the first place. Persistence shows a strength of character, highlighting your dedication and determination, as well as your patience.But you have to watch yourself, lest it reaches stalking level and you start demonstrating manic love. There is a fine line between chasing as a sign of persistence and chasing as a way to cling to that person. You have to know when and where to draw the l ine. Perhaps, if your efforts and feelings are still unreciprocated after so many attempts (and shows of persistence), then you should re-evaluate your actions and decisions. There are some battles that aren’t meant to be won, and this may be one of yours.Make yourself indispensable to him.Short of making him addicted to you, make it so that he won’t be able to picture living from day to day without you. A technique often done is the push-pull, where a woman will make the guy get used to having her around, caring for him until he is almost dependent on her, then withdrawing or pulling away for a strategic period of time, long enough for him to start missing her.Now, for many, this may be a gamble, and others may be too scared to even try it. But it’s all in the execution and timing.Be someone that deserves to be loved.This is probably one of the most important things that one can do in order to be loved. Make sure that you will deserve that love. Put yourself in the shoes of t he other person and look at yourself objectively. Are you easy to love? Or are there characteristics that you need to work on?We often hear people say that, in order to be loved by others, you have to love yourself first. This is actually true, because you cannot expect someone else to love you when you do not even think that you are worth loving. By loving yourself first, you will have the confidence to move forward and express your love for someone that you want to love you back. By loving yourself, you are sending that person the silent message that he is making the right decision by choosing to love you.Ultimately, healthy and fulfilling relationships dictate that, in order for you to receive love, you also have to give it. It’s a give-and-take scenario that should have no room for selfishness. Despite all the definitions of love floating around, it remains to be one of the most mysterious emotions. But that does not mean that we are entirely powerless in expressing it, and re ceiving it in return.

A Myriad of Colours - 737 Words

Once upon a time, a chameleon escaped from the zoo and somehow ended up on a cargo ship. It was a wonder how the chameleon did it. But she was a chameleon, one that can camouflage. It doesn’t make it anymore unbelievable now. So, one day after the chameleon feasted on the leftovers left by the foul-mouthed sailors, She slowly made her way up to the top container. When she reached the top, she felt bliss, being able to see the sunset from the best seat on the ship. Then the ship suddenly jerked. Little chameleon always thought the captain to be high. But a chameleon was a land animal, she didn’t know about the rough waves and the currents of the sea. Anyhow, little chameleon didn’t mind it, she continued drinking in the view. She coloured herself the many hues of the sunset because she felt happy. She wanted to be a part of it. That night, the sea was especially rough, and the captain did everything to save the whole ship from â€Å"the spa treatment†. The captain was successful. But Little Chameleon was not as lucky, she got washed off into the sea. She tried and tried to waddle, swim or simply, survive. She thought she was not going to get through this cold, dark sea. She was so ready to surrender herself to the Lord. Her thoughts of halos and angel wings while gazing up at The Lord were soon lost as she found a piece of driftwood. â€Å"Rain check on that milord† she thought. She was at first tempted to just stay there and drown because she knew that no one would care. But a teenyShow MoreRelatedRepresentation of Indigenous Cultures in the Rabbits and Rabbit Proof Fence987 Words   |  4 PagesIndigenous people have been represented in a myriad of ways. The Rabbits (1998), an allegorical picture book by John Marsden (writer) and Shaun Tan (illustrator) and Rabbit Proof Fence (2002), a film directed by Phillip Noyce, are just two examples of this. 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For instance, the disproportioned figures resting against a flat plain of the Medieval Times got replaced by the hyper- realistic works of the Old Masters and those, in time, were taken over by the whirl of colour and light that the Impressionism brought in the 19th century. After that, many other movements came to exist, each vastly different than the last, and in the future more will see the light of day. Consequently, both Raphael’s â€Å" The School of Athens†Read MoreUpcomng Advances in 3D Printing1205 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction [271] 3D printing is a means of revolutionising almost any and all aspects of life. The potential to bringing into the physical world anything that can be conceived in the mind (and created on a computer) brings a myriad of variety ; expanding markets and capabilities, whether new or improving products and processes that are already in practice. 3D printers are falling in price as the technology improves and the want for them increases making the ability to create anything domesticallyRead MoreScope of Logistics Management947 Words   |  4 Pagesachievement of set service levels, warehouse location, fleet management and scheduling and the management and operation of a logistics information system which acts as a recording system, aids forecasting, scheduling, model building and produces the myriad of documentation needed for the efficient management of the system. This total concept is sometimes referred to as ‘total business logistics management’ or ‘total physical distribution management’. Marketing has many definitions, one of which

Marriage In Everyday Use Story - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 862 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Everyday Use Essay Did you like this example? A short story about a mother and daughter who went through rough time and a father and son who has a strange relationship. You will see how these two stories have in common and how they are different. Marriage today is different (Pg. 3, paragraph 1) said Nnaemeka while talking to his father about how found the women of his life and want to marry her. As his father is not please due to the fact his son choose some one out of there village Ugoyers or someone he did not arrange for him Look here, my son nothing is different what one looks for in a wife are a good character and a Christian background. (page 3, paragraph 2). By making a point you the father wants what is best for his son, but his son wants best for him and not to be told what to do or who he can marry to. She is a good Christian, and a teacher in a girls school in Lagos (page 3, paragraph 6) said Nnaemeka but the father wasnt please to such thing he heard his son say because to him a wife shouldnt be a teacher nor do anything but be a stay home wife and do what wife do at home his replay to his son was If you consider that a qualification for a good wife I should like to point out to you, that no Christian woma n should teach. St. Paul in his letter to the Corinthians says that women should keep silence (page 3, paragraph 7). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Marriage In Everyday Use Story" essay for you Create order Nnaemeka tried to talk to his father on being able to be a man of his own but nothing worked for him in the mind of an old man lays his bitterness and stubborn tradition ways. But he went on to marrying his beautiful wife Nene who has been behind her husband no matter what Nnaemeka father said bash his son and letting him know he no longer is welcome back home to visit and that he disowned him. Until one day Nene wrote a letter to Nnemeka father Our two sons, from the day they learnt that they have a grandfather, have insisted on being taken to him. I find it impossible to tell them that you will not see them. I implore you to allow Nnaemeka to bring them home for a short time during his leave next month. I shall remain here in Lagos (pg. 5, paragraph 9). When the father receives the letter, he started thinking how all this time he dis credited his son just because he didnt go with tradition and now he has two grand kids he cant disowned because they dont have no part to this and from there he started to regret his action and ways and wants to be part of his grands kids life. She used to read to us without pity; forcing words, lies, other folks habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didnt necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand (pg. 2, paragraph 2). Here is a mother talking about her daughter Dee and how she uses to act when she was sixteen as if the mother did a bad job. Showing off her way of styles and how she dressed until one day the mother sent her to school as she returned as a grown woman and maybe seeing a man of sort. Dee and her mother relationship isnt like any relationship its like a friendship that has been broken and they havent seen each other for years as Dee try to let her mother know that he new name is what she go by Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo which he mother thought that was a weird name telling her You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicie, I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. We called her Big Dee after Dee was born (pg. 3 paragraph 6). As her mother let her know her roots and how her name got here but Dee wasnt having by telling her mother Dee is dead I couldnt bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me (pg. 3, paragraph 5). As she introduces her friend or man Asalamalakim or Hakim-a-barber which the mom thought his name was way too long to say and was going to ask why he has a barber does he cut hair, but she left hat alone as she sees the two admiring the house and the cattlers thatrs was roaming around the yard. You can say that she out grown from who she was to what she has become. At the end the mother and daughter grew a new relationship as she sees how the mother mad a quilt that tells the history of the family. In conclusion, both stories have one thing in common which is family now matter how tough things get between father and son or mother and daughter family will always stay family.

Discrimination Against Women in Pakistani Society

Discrimination against Women in Pakistani Society International Women’s Day (IWD) is celebrated on eight March every year. The primary purpose of its observance is to honor women’s rights worldwide. This year, I got a chance to witness one of the celebrations organized by The Aga Khan University Working Group for Women (WGW) to celebrate IWD. On the one hand, seeing the contributions of women to our society, I felt privileged to be a woman. On the other hand, I was distressed thinking of the discrimination faced by women in their daily lives. Discrimination against women is one of the types of gender discrimination. Gender discrimination means judging someone primarily on the basis of his or her sex. According to Khan (2012),†¦show more content†¦As mentioned earlier, discrimination against girls starts at domestic level, thus it gets its roots strengthened in the very beginning of girls childhood due to parental behavior. When toys for the babies are bought: guns, vehicles and strength showing items are cons idered for baby boys. Besides, when they turn older, they are allowed to visit their friends, play and roam outside, and be autonomous. This develops the idea in their minds that boys are born brave and they can decide for themselves. On the contrary, dolls, household items like cooking utensils and innocence depicting things are being bought for girls. This treatment makes them feel that girls are born delicate and their primary duty is to do household chores like cooking. In addition, parents put the thought in their daughters mind that being a girl she should be hospitable, compromising and tolerant, following restrictions like wearing culturally appropriate clothing and are limited to the boundaries of home (Ali et al., 2011). However, no such restrictions are faced by boys. They wear according to their own choice and are not home bound, as well. Parental behavior is followed by the factor patriarchal society, i.e., the male dominated society. Since, Pakistan is a country govern ed primarily by males so the prevailing culture favors themShow MoreRelatedGender Discrimination Of Women In Pakistan879 Words   |  4 Pagesthey discuss societies that have strong ties to tradition. Traditional societies often lack gender equality and do not allow women to feel empowered in their community. In Pakistan, gender disparity is a great issue as women make up 59 percent of the 160 million population. Although women make up more than half of the Pakistani population, celebration of women is rarely seen due to sex discrimination. Ancient traditions and social norms are firm in the Pakistani culture, causing women to be treatedRead MoreGender Discrimination: Examining How Women are Denied Full Equality in the Workplace926 Words   |  4 PagesThe goal on gender equality and impact of gender discrimination varies from country to country, depending on the social, cultural and economic contexts. Anti-discrimination laws have performed a critical role in expanding work plac e opportunities for women, yet they are still denied full equality in the workplace. Even though they can now secure powerful professional, academic and corporate positions once reserved for men, the ever present glass ceiling still deters the advancement of large segmentRead MoreBarriers Of Women s Education1349 Words   |  6 Pagesof people, gender discriminations against them and social norms restricts their opportunity. Arguments have been made that education is the key for women for their freedom. The definition of education defined by Shehzadi Awan the author of â€Å"Role of Civil Society in Empowering Pakistani Women† is that â€Å"the educational level and a person’s profession should be more important to determine its contribution towards the society† (4). His definition of education for women means that women should be knownRead MoreForms Of Violence Against Women1210 Words   |  5 Pages Forms of Violence Against Women Introduction In Pakistan, women live in a confined world that is structured by family, tribal, and religious customs. As such, women are subjected to not only violence but also discrimination on a daily basis. This has been brought about by the interpretation of Islam, the main religion in the country, which views women as persons needing maximum protection. This consequently leads to their oppression emotionally, physically, and mentally. They face various formsRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice and Discrimination Prejudice: 1) an opinion formed without careful thought.2) an unreasonable or unfair feeling (in favour of, or against something). Discrimination : 1) to be the difference between. 2) (with favour of, against ) to treat favourably or unfairly. These are the dictionaries definitions of what the two words mean, obviously very briefly. Different forms of prejudice and discrimination are the underlining of racism, sexism, ageism, nationalismRead MoreThe Indian History And The Status Of Women1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe Indian History and the Status of Women : Women’s security is closely connected to global security still they suffer simply because they differ in gender. According to the UN Commission on Human Security, ‘the security of one person, one community, one nation rests on the decisions of many others, sometimes fortuitously, sometimes precariously’’. However, in the interrelated world everyone is influenced either positively or negatively by the decisions of individuals or states (UNIFEM 2003).Read MoreOppression of Women in Pakistan2627 Words   |  10 PagesWomen Oppression in Pakistan The role of women with regards to cultural paradigm and their socio-economic status is in connection with their earning decision which in turn is in association with the contribution that they would be making in the household budget. This chapter talks completely about the women of Pakistan, which includes; the violence that take place against them, their aspiration for work, their educational background, their health conditions, empowerment, bonded labour and theirRead MoreStatus of Women in Society1939 Words   |  8 PagesStatus of women in society As a woman I have no country. As a woman I want no country. As a woman, my country is the whole world.†Ã‚   Virginia Woolf God has created every thing in pair. He has blessed man with physical erudite and women with the spirutal power. Which make women more emotionally strong caring loving and whizz full person. One must not forget that every legendRead MoreWomen s Role And Status Of Women1180 Words   |  5 PagesWomen in Pakistan Women in Pakistan are more likely to face system subordination, where patriarchal values are embedded in local traditions and culture. Due to the interconnection of gender with other forms of exclusion in the society, the role and status of women cannot be considered homogenous. There is a great deal of diversity in the status of women across regions, classes, the rural/urban divide caused by the lack of socio-economic development and the impact of feudal, tribal, and capitalistRead MoreGender Inequality And Ethnic Inequality1809 Words   |  8 Pagesconclusion will also be provided in the final part, however, given the complexity of the picture, for example, the extent to which women and men from different ethnic groups experience disadvantages varies (Vittachi, 2011), it is hard to generalise and any predictions about future prospect may not be realized. The Position of Women in the Labour Market Over the last 40 years, women have achieved great success in gaining their equalities in the workplace, this view is particularly advocated by a stream

Tda 2.9 free essay sample

Outline the health and safety policies and procedures of the work setting. If an accident occurs write down in accident book. No matter how small the injury is. With a double signature from staff and end of the day by parents Medical Records. Only prescription drugs to be recorded. Making sure the gate is always shut on the entrance to the kitchen area so the children can’t go in and get hurt or burnt. All cleaning products are locked away in the kitchen area and children are not allowed in there. Fire exits always clear and known to staff and back exit gate key on hook if needed. Making sure children wash their hands after the toilet and before eating. Continual risk assessment of new and on-going tasks and areas of the children’s surroundings. i. e. If I see an overhanging bramble/branch in the garden, I would need to cut it off and mention it to the manger before children can play. If there were objects that could cause unnecessary accidents they would need picking up. If there was lots of mess on the floor like paper that would need to be cleaned up to avoid slips. This would be the same if there was water spilt and the manager would need to be informed. Making sure all the rooms are ventilated so the children don’t get over heated and not to cold either. Staff to child ratio on walks would be one adult to two children with the nursery that can increase to one adult to eight children. All people working even the volunteers have to be CRB checked. The following are some of the legislations on which these policies and procedures are based Health and safety at work act 1974 The purpose of this act is to promote and encourage high standards at work place. It protects all the employers, employees, workers and the other member of the public who may be affected by the work activities. Kite marking CE, product safety marking When you see a product with a Kite mark this means BSI has independently tested it and has confirmed that the product conforms to the relevant British Standard, and has issued a BSI license to the company to use the Kite mark. The manufacturer pays for this service and their product is tested, and the manufacturing process is assessed, at regular intervals. The Kite mark is the symbol that gives consumers the assurance that the product they have bought really does conform to the appropriate British Standard and should therefore be safe and reliable. The Motor vehicles (wearing of seat belts) regulations 2006 The original proposed law require all passengers aged 3 years and over to wear a seat belt in buses and coaches, if fitted. RIDDOR Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 Employers, the self-employed and those in control of premises are required by law to report specified workplace incidents, such as work-related deaths, major injuries, 7-day injuries (those causing more than seven day’s inability to carry out normal duties), work related diseases, and dangerous occurrences (near miss accidents). Employers, the self-employed and those in control of premises are required by law to report specified workplace incidents, such as work-related deaths, major injuries, 7-day injuries (those causing more than seven day’s inability to carry out normal duties), work related diseases, and dangerous occurrences (near miss accidents). Childcare act 2006 The Childcare Act, passed into law on 11 July 2006, is pioneering legislation – the first ever exclusively concerned with Early Years and childcare. Measures in the act formalize the important strategic role local authorities play, through a set of duties. These duties require authorities to work with their NHS and Job Centre Plus partners to improve the outcomes of all children up to five years of age and reduce inequalities between them, secure sufficient childcare for working parents, provide a parental information service, Provide information, advice and training for childcare providers. Food hygiene legislation 2006 Anyone who owns manages or works in a food business, apart from those working in primary food production such as harvesting, slaughtering or milking, is affected by these Regulations. They apply to anything from a cafe to a five star restaurant, from a village hall where food is prepared to a large supermarket, or to a vending machine. Manual handling operations regulations 1992 The Regulations establish the following clear hierarchy of control measures: 1. Avoid hazardous manual handling operations so far as is reasonably practicable, for example by redesigning the task to avoid moving the load or by automating or mechanising the process. 2. Make a suitable and sufficient assessment of any hazardous manual handling operations that cannot be avoided. 3. Reduce the risk of injury from those operations so far as is reasonably practicable. Where possible, you should provide mechanical assistance, for example a sack trolley or hoist. Where this is not reasonably practicable, look at ways of changing the task, the load and working environment. 1. 2 Identify the lines of responsibility and reporting for health and safety in the work setting. All staff is responsible for the health and safety in a setting. The lines of responsibility are divided among different staff members but the manager and the deputy manager have the most responsibly and after that the room leaders or the supervisors have the responsibility for health and safety. A rota is set to carry out certain health and safety check, a risk assessment is made every morning at the start of the day before the nursery starts, by carrying out risk assessments you can reduce the risk of injury or harm, and anything that is broken or damaged or not working fine has to be removed and noted down. Whoever plans an activity is responsible for the risks or hazards involved in that activity. Any incident or accident has to be proper logged in a record book and has to be notified to the respective person either manager, deputy manager or the parents of that particular child. In my placement of work I am asked to report any problem or risk to my supervisor who is responsible for my assessment. For serious health and safety issues like if an abuse or serious neglect is suspected towards a child then the head can report to health and safety executives, Ofsted, child protection agency and NSPCC. 1. 3 explains what risk assessment is and how this is managed in the work setting. Daily safety checks are made to manage risk assessment like checking of all the fire exits that they are clear at all times, fire drill procedures are displayed, dangerous objects are cleared away, health and safety hazards like broken furniture, any slippery carpet , slippery surface due to liquid or sand is cleaned, check for damaged or broken toys, hygiene and cleanliness of the room, all toxic materials are locked away, electrical sockets undamaged and secured, furniture and other fixed equipment is in working order, accident/incident book on site, signing-in book out, first aid box at place and complete, no sharp edges on either toys or furniture, cleanliness of toilets, animal faeces outside the play area, entrance is secure. TASK 2 2. 1 Explain why a safe but challenging environment is important for children and young people. It is the responsibility of the work setting to provide safe environment to the children but at the same time there are always risks involved. The childr en will be over protected if they are not involved in any challenging activities. Children are always curious and they want to take risks like climbing ropes or riding bicycles or jumping from higher surfaces. These activities will bring in confidence in them, make them brave and strong, they will have a good feeling about themselves, and they have something adventurous to tell their parents. But at the same time it is the responsibility of the work place to have an up to date health and safety policy so as to ensure whatever activities children are in involved are in accordance with the legislations. 2. 2 Identify the difference between risk and hazard. A risk is a chance high or low that someone will be harmed by a hazard. While a hazard is anything that can cause harm. Every day life activities include a lot of risks like slipping or tripping, falling down. A child care setting on a major high road can be serious risk; the hazards involved are fast moving traffic which can be controlled by having a strong fencing. Risk is a situation and hazard is a danger that is present in that risk. 2. 3 Identify potential hazards to the health, safety and security of children and young people. The security hazards include no cctv at the entrance of the building, no fencing around the play area. Entrance is not secure, picking up of the children, unauthorized entry in the building, damage or vandalism to the building. f children are going for an outing the potential hazards are not wearing high visibility jackets, crossing the road, the strangers on the outside, playing with poisonous plants, trying to pick something from the grass to eat, they try to reach for wires or sockets, they reach for cleaning liquids, try to go to the kitchen if its unlocked, try to go out if find a door open. The health and safety hazards are children getting injured, hurt, sick, infection spreading, being abused either physically or emotionally, if there is a fire and someone is hurt it is a hazard, the broken and dirty toys, damaged equipment, unbalanced or lose ropes or ladders in the garden, slippery surface due to snow in the garden, faeces or litter in the outside play area. TASK 3 3. 1 identify non medical incidents and emergencies that may occur in the work setting. The following are some of the non medical incidents and emergencies that can occur in a work setting, they include missing child, fire, bomb threat, unauthorized person in the building, floods, any damage or vandalism in the building, bullying, lack or loss of services like gas, electricity, heating or water, staff issues like strike, snow , closure by ofstead, a gas leak, hazardous spillage, emergency closure. 3. 2 outline the actions to take in response to the following situations: a) Fire b) Security incidents c) Emergency incidents. (This will cross over with TDA2. 2: 2. 4) 4. 1 IDENTIFY THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS WHICH MANY INDICATE THAT A CHILD OR YOUNG PERSON IS INJURED OR UNWELL. The following are some of the signs and symptoms which can be recognized when we suspect that a child or young person is not well or injured If a child is not active in the setting, sitting quietly, not involving in the other activities, showing no interest in eating, feeling low, coughing, not playing with the other children, moody ,dehydration, diarrhoea or vomiting then these are some of the signs that the child is unwell. In case of an injury if a child is not walking properly, or rubbing a particular area, feeling dizzy, bruising. The injury can be something that happened at home or happened at the setting and the child didn’t tell anyone. In case of young people they show lack of interest in studies, keeping it to themselves, not cheerful, feeling dizzy, quite. These are a few of the signs and symptoms which indicate that they are not well. 4. 2 Identify circumstances when children or young people, may need urgent medical attention. There are certain conditions which can be handled by the first aider in the setting like bruising , or a bump but when certain situation arises when a person needs un urgent medical condition like if they are hurt and there is an open wound which is bleeding, they have a serious burn, they have a head injury and they are feeling dizziness or blackouts, being unconscious or unresponsive, fractured their limbs, difficulties in breathing and blue lips or having an allergic reaction to something, having a temperature of more than 38c, in all these cases the staff at the setting is required to call for an immediate medical help and call an ambulance and need to inform the parents or carers as soon as possible. 4. 3 Outline own role and responsibilities in the event of a child or a young person requiring urgent medical attention. This question is a cross reference with TDA 2. 2:2. 1, 2. , 2. 3. 5. 1 describe the reporting procedures for accidents, incidents, emergencies and illnesses. Ther e are different kinds of injuries that can happen in the result of an accident. In case of serious accidents like a major injury with an open wound, a head injury with dizziness, electric shock, fractured limbs or unconsciousness ,severe allergic reactions these are all serious injuries and need urgent medical attention and need more than a first aider to help around. All this has to be reported to health and safety executive, the manager of the setting and the parents. This has to be recorded in the accident record book with all the details. In case of incidents which involve minor injuries that can be dealt with the help of first aider like minor bruises, slipping or tripping, vomiting, incidents that involve bullying, damage to the building, entry of an unauthorized person they are all incidents and they have to be recorded in an incident record book with all the details and manager has to be aware of this at all times. Illnesses such as high fever, vomiting, and stomach ache, signs of cold cough or flu they have all to be recorded in the Childs individual record book with all the details. In case of emergencies like a fire evacuation, or a bomb threat they have to be recorded in the emergency record book with all the details as how the emergency was dealt with. 6. 1 Outline procedures for infection control in own work setting. There are certain procedures that have to be carried out when dealing with the infection control in the work setting. Personal protective equipment includes disposable gloves, aprons and in cert ain cases goggles. They have to be worn while changing, feeding, anything to do with spillage of blood, vomiting, urine or any liquids that contain the risk to spread infection. Children should be encouraged to wash hands before and after eating, they need to wash hands after certain activities like playing with sand, playing outside and while using glue in arts and crafts and after playing with the play dough. They toys have to be clean and should be regularly checked. Pedal bins are provided; paper towels are always available in the bathrooms so that children can use them whenever they come out of the toilet. The staff is advised to keep their nails short at all times and keep their hair tied up while working with children to prevent the spreading of infection. Any spillage has to be cleaned and disposed off immediately to prevent the infection. If children are ill with the symptoms or cold or flu , their parents are advised not to send them to school and have to wait for at least 48 hours before all the symptoms have gone, with other serious illnesses like chicken pox and measles they have to wait for a specific time to be returned to school and in some cases need a letter from their GP. 6. 2 Describe personal protective clothing that is used to prevent spread of infection. Personal protective clothing is a term used to describe the clothing and equipment that is used in a work setting to prevent from any infections or injuries. They include disposable gloves which can be worn while changing a baby, cleaning of any fluids like vomiting, urine or any spillage, used in kitchen and have to be disposed of every time . Disposable aprons have to be worn during the changing, feeding, cooking and cleaning; some cases required wearing of goggles. TASK 4 7. 1 Identify the procedures of the work setting governing the receipt, storage and administration of medicines. According to the guidance set out in the childcare setting ‘medicines must not usually be administered unless they have been prescribed for that child by a doctor, dentist or a pharmacist’. The workplace is not allowed to give medicines to children who are ill, but there are certain circumstances where exceptions can be made. The medicines can only be given if they needed to be but only with a written consent letter from the parents, and a doctors or GP letter. They have sign in the medicine with the manager in their child’s individual record book. The records are always kept in a medicine record book with each child’s name, age, class, the reason for the medicine, how much dose has to be given and how much was given each time, who gave the medicine and who administrate it. The medicine has to be put in a secure location that is in the office usually and can only be accessed by the manager or whoever is allowed to administrate it. The medicine can only be given by the manager, deputy manager or qualified level 3 workers. The consent form has to be signed by the parents at all time and each time at the end of the day they have to be informed about the dosage given and signed by the parents. 7. 2 Explain how the procedures of the work setting protect both children and young people and practitioners. The procedures at the workplace are carried out in such a way as to protect everyone including the children and the people working there. The main aim of the practitioners is to protect the children from any harm possible either physical or emotional. There are several procedures that are carried out from health and safety policies and procedures which ensure the protection of the children and the people working in the setting. The procedures carried out for the health and safety of children, fire drills, no unauthorized entry in the building, hygiene, safe indoor and outdoor activities, administrations of medicines are some of the procedures that are carried out to protect the children and work place. For practitioners the procedure that protect them include that they have to keep record of all the incidents and accidents that happen and by recording everything in the record book they ensure that all the records are up to date and if something happens in near future 5the records and the signatures are there. Practitioners are protected by not letting children go with anyone other than the parents or the authorized person, if they have to administer the medicine they need to have the consent signatures of the parents beforehand.